«Since childhood, he perceived the world as a knowable harmonious whole,
which is standing before us like a great and eternal riddle».
(Nobel Prize Winners: Encyclopedia: Trans. from English .- Moscow: Progress, 1992.)
Virtually all Nobel laureates people are usually
consider as crazy. Lacking serious objections on the merits, I would like to draw
your attention to the fact that at the concept of "madness" most people give a
negative meaning. So I allow myself to express my own (alternative) opinion on the
matter.
Normal person is living "normal life", ie from
birth to death he has some middle position in society.
At certain times he gets married, gives birth
to children, tends look as clever, trying on the public not to go beyond decent
behavior, seek to save money, if possible, without committing the crime, but usually
during his life he not creates nothing eminent.
Thus, the usual or "normal" person tends not to
do anything unusual, "not normal" and be proud of it.
And we must consider as not normal things, for
example, such as the desire to bestow benefits mankind, "change the world", striving
to find solutions to many complex issues, which are the puzzle of human civilization
or even the mysteries of the Universe as a whole. It is to such "eccentric men" and
belonged Albert Einstein.
In everyday life, it was not usual, silent,
often not interesting, crowd of many people burdened him. He always loved solitude,
"painful, when you are young and delightful, when you become a mature man".
His attention was attracted by questions, whose
answers were obvious to many others, but the questions they seemed not interesting.
Thus, not sharing common values and norms of
behavior, Einstein probably had deserve the title of "crazy". Why, then, let me ask
you, the name "Einstein" is known now to every child and every adult person over the
world. Probably because the effect of such "crazy" for human life is very powerful.
Of course, it is much stronger than the effect of any of the millions of people who
had not make nothing good, but are considered as normal people.
I dedicate this article for life of the
above-mentioned "crazy man".
The fact that the Nobel Prize in physics
Albert Einstein received in 1921 for the creation of the theory of the
photoelectric effect and that the main work of his life is the theory of
relativity, very many people know. By the way, the fact, that the basic postulate
of relativity ("the speed of light is the maximum possible speed of movement of
material bodies") are not true, is known to many people too. However, this is not
the leitmotif of this article.
This article is not about Einstein-physics,
but of Einstein-man. In this case, I will try to "give the floor to Einstein
himself", using his famous sayings on the memoirs of contemporaries, and, if
possible, and direct speech.
To get started let me a few quotes:
«I have never really not belonged to any
community, whether it's country, state, my circle of friends and even my family.
I've always viewed these relationships as something not entirely mine, as an outsider,
and my desire to withdraw into himself with age increases. In such isolation is
bitter aftertaste, but I do not regret that I am deprived of understanding and
sympathy from others. Of course, because of that I am loosing some things, but I
gain much more, namely: independence from the usual habits, opinions and prejudices.
I am free from the temptation to erect a building of my peace of mind on such shaky
foundation. External conditions played a minor role in my thoughts and feelings.
Perception the world by means of my mind,
rejecting all subjective, it was my ultimate goal consciously or unconsciously
(about himself in early adolescence). But yet being a young man, I have clearly
realized the futility of the hopes and aspirations, the fulfillment of which the
majority of people are seeking all their life.
Material well-being and happiness never appeared to me the only purpose of life.
I'm even inclined to compare such moral aims to the ambitions of a pig».
Already from this series of quotations is not
difficult to understand that Albert Einstein never been guided in his life by the
"common values". Some "internal compass" led him through the life. What kind of
compass? Where it points? Why? This advance did not know anybody. He simply "had
the courage to be yourself and do what he thought".
At this case I remember an interesting
phrase-instruction of venerable scientist for a young colleague (the author,
unfortunately, I can not remember):
«There are countless roads in science... Not suitable will be only those of them,
who were already went by the others».
Start of work of Einstein was not sweet.
After studying with great difficulty he had get the post of expert in patent
office. However, later, Einstein repeatedly recalled this time as the best years
of his life. His inquisitive mind in any free part-time switched to the understanding
of the problems that troubled him only. Moreover, in his theoretical investigations
he was not associated with any programs of any kind research or educational
institutions. Here his biographer Frederick Gernek writes about it:
«Einstein carried out his brilliant theoretical
discovery (theory of relativity) as an independent scholar. In the time of writing
his first manuscript on the theory of relativity he did not belong to any
university and he has not yet had a doctoral degree. It is not clear to determine
whether he could preserve the independence and freedom of thought, so necessary for
the revolution in physics, if that far time he would be an assistant of any
institution. Einstein considered it as a happy coincidence that the first years of
his creative aspirations were "in the secular monastery", as he jokingly called the
Patent Office - on such a work, which left him enough time and effort for solving
his own scientific problems.»
It is certainly known, that in any issue,
which attracted his attention, Einstein could "move so deeply", that he
simply had no time for many of the usual "worldly" concerns.
The logical interpretation of empirical data was the basis for his scientific
research. "He little read and a lot of thought" - were talking colleagues
about Einstein.
About the scientific papers that Einstein
published in his younger years (and which later brought him worldwide fame),
his biographer Charles Percy Snow said the following:
«In Einstein's articles were very few
mathematical calculations and a lot of logical analysis.»
While conducting certain investigations,
Einstein did not like, as now adopted, "make a deep patent search".
He enjoyed "simply solve the problem". If then it appears that this problem
was already solved by someone before, he thought it was not significant.
The solution process for him was probably more important than the result.
In this aspect, I am reminded of another
"crazy" - Lord Kelvin, after whose death from his secret coffer were extracted papers
with descriptions of a series of discoveries in the field of chemistry and molecular
physics. The discoveries author made them "just for himself", but by the time of
extraction of "papyruses" from the Kelvin's coffer, these discoveries were already
known to mankind under the names of other people. These "others" made the same
discoveries much later than Kelvin, but they did not hide them "into their trunks", so
they got priority.
Einstein was a loner and he didn't like any
pomposity and pretentiousness, but the "crowd", hardly knowing seriously about his
scientific work, after awarding him the Nobel Prize was ready to "wear it on your hands".
For some time now has been considered "good form" to be invited Einstein to one or
another meeting as "the wedding General". How he was to carry it all? This can be judged
from the following quotation, while not forgetting that Einstein is generally considered as
"kind, gentle and wise":
«Once the astronomer Friedrich Arhengold,
founder and CEO of public Observatory in Berlin-Treptow, asked him with his name
promote popularity exhibition about Mars, which was opened in the autumn of 1926.
At this, Einstein replied that he personally has very little in common with the narrative
astronomy, and added: «Can you understand that I'm tired of appearing everywhere as
a symbolic leader of the sheep flocks with a halo over his head? Leave me, finally,
alone!» (F. Gernek, "Albert Einstein")
Another quote also allows us to get a feel for
what means to bear the "burden of fame", the burden of widespread popularity among
the masses, especially if at the nature and characteristics of the human psyche he is
tipical introvert:
«With the tide of newspaper articles I was eerily
glut by the surveys, invitations, requests, so that night while dreaming I felt that someone
fry me at the hell, and the postman - the devil, and he constantly is growling, throwing to
my head a new packet of letters, because I still have not answered to the old ones...».
Relatively the process of how Einstein become
older or how he become an independent person we can hardly find that to note. There is
an impression that already since his childhood he was, as they say, "mature person". In
any case, this is true of his thinking, and some of the moral qualities. That's what tells us
about it Charles Percy Snow:
«In the ten years he seemed, with the same
confidence could rely on his mind, like in the seventy. In his childhood he had a period of
religious sentiment. But not for long. Very soon, in the center of his attention was the mind,
and in twelve years he recognized a sort of cosmic religion of nonbeliever, which he practiced
for a lifetime.»
No less meaningful and other sayings about
Einstein of this same biographer:
«For Einstein competition did not mean anything,
it did not tempt him. His independence did not fit within the established frameworks.
The main source of knowledge for him was intuition. He was absolutely confident at
himself and boundless believed in his understanding of things.
Einstein did not like to talk about his personal
life, but once he said that to scientists, which are looking for the truth, it is necessary
"Puritan self-restraint".
He could not become a fanatic, even if he tried
very hard. On the one hand, he fully stood apart from the people, with another - felt
completely indebted to them.»
Einstein rarely allowed himself to talk bad about
other people, the more interesting it looks the following statement:
«…people who likes marching to the sound of
the march, the head brain has got in vain, they could very well be satisfied with only spin
brain.»
Dreaming about the conditions necessary for
serious researchers, Einstein said that he envied that solitude, which has a distant
lighthouse keeper. About how deeply Einstein imbued with a sense of himself as a particle
of the universe says the following quote:
«I was so coupled with all lifes, so for me
became quite immaterial where in the world begins and where ends with someone's
particular existence.»
Some may be suspected in these words some
cunning, and will be very far from the truth. As proof of this it is necessary to recall that
already a young Einstein was diagnosed: aortic aneurysm (local buckling of the wall of
the aorta). By putting such a diagnosis, him was said that his aorta may burst at any
time with instantaneous death. However, this did not affected his future life and work.
Moreover, in April 1955 while he lay in the hospital with the increasingly degraded state
of health, to a proposal for a surgical operation on the aorta he responded that "he do
not see any sense in the continuation of life beyond its natural length".
Einstein did not like to communicate with
physicians, he believed that "...you can die and without the help of a doctor".
The significance of Einstein to humanity either
know or guess many people. And what kind was the influence of Einstein on those, who
were connected with him by ties of kinship? Some impression about this can be obtained
from the following quotes:
«His intellectual acumen with his spiritual
blindness had led to what he went through the life, leaving behind broken fates of his
loved ones.» (of Einstein) «As a person I most of all admire him for what
he lived for many years not only in peace and consent, but in complete harmony with the
woman. He coped with the fact, in what I twice got a shameful failure.»
(of Einstein's obituary on the death of his friend Michele Besso, March 1955).
Quiet philosophical approach to matters of life and
death was characteristic of Einstein throughout life. However, he remained himself even on his
deathbed. When a friend of Einstein brought him to the hospital a pack of good cigars (which
he very loved), he smiled and with his characteristic self-irony noted that, unfortunately,
probably he will not have sufficient time to smoke them all.
In the last years of his life Einstein was constantly ill.
His tortured bowel disease, liver and aortic aneurysm, which haunted him all his life. He often
suffered from acute pain, but remained friendly and calm, as if not noticing (or not giving others
a cause to note) his illness and approaching death.
At dawn on April 18, 1955 there was occured perforation
of the aortic wall, and he died. On the eve of this (in March) he became 76 years old.
The last desire of Einstein was that after death he shall not have no funeral, no grave, no
monument. All this was done.
Yes, such this is it, this Albert Einstein!
P.S. They say that Einstein in recent years has been busy
looking for the formulation "the most important law". He lamented the fact that the scientific world
does not recognize "the logical and philosophical arguments". Before his death he burned all his last
achievements, saying: "Without these my accomplishments people will live more quite, than with
them..."
Einstein was a strong man, it is possible that the
formulation of "the most important law" was already known to him shortly before his death. But
about this we never will know.
Literature:
Nobel Prize Winners: Encyclopedia: Trans. from English.- Moscow: Progress, 1992.
C.P. Snow, Portraits and Reflections, Izd. "Progress", 1985
Paul Carter, Roger Highfield. "Einstein. Private Lives".
Friedrich Gernek. "Albert Einstein".
Portrait of Einstein copied from the site http://qbici.ru/prover-sebya/zagadka-ejnshtejna-logicheskaya-golovolomka/
Note: If you are interested in the person of Einstein, you can read a collection of his sayings,
placed by me under
"Thoughts of Great People" on this website.
«The figure of Newton - Einstein wrote - means more than it
follows from his own merit, since the very fate placed him at the turning
point of mental development of mankind».
Stingy with praise Voltaire wrote: «If true greatness consists in obtaining
as a gift from heaven a mighty mind, and to use this mind for the enlightenment
of self and others, so such a man as Newton (and such people can hardly be
counted one for 10 centuries), is a truly great man.
Newton was almost a "new Moses" to whom God revealed his laws, described
on the tablets».
(«Isaac Newton: The greatness of scientific feat and the Unity of Science».
"Electromagnetic Phenomena", Tom.1, ¹ 2, 1998, edition of the Kharkov
Institute of Theoretical Physics)
«He believed that the universe is a cryptogram composed by God».
(scientist and economist John Maynard Keynes)
«He is the happiest - the system of peace can be set only once».
(French mathematician and engineer Joseph Louis Lagrange)
Everyone knows that Newton - is a
scientific genius, which, roughly speaking, "reworked all parts of previous
physics" and left us such a legacy of science, which until the end of yet to
be mastered by mankind, although after his death had passed 283 years.
The great English physicist, engineer,
astronomer and mathematician who laid the foundations of modern science,
fellow of Trinity College, magister, founder of classical physics, a member
of the Royal Society of London, nearly a quarter century - the permanent
president of the Royal Society of London.
In April 1705 Queen Anna devoted Newton
as knighted. After that he became known as "Sir Isaac Newton". The first
time in history of England knighthood was awarded to man of the
scientific merits. As a result, Newton got his own coat of arms and
got his own pedigree.
However, about all its merits are not
difficult to read in other sources. Therefore, this essay is not devoted
to listing the scientific and public exploits of Newton. I would like to
consider the qualities of his personality from a purely human, more close
to us the position.
January 4, 1643 (New Style) in a family
of small, but prosperous English farmer in the village of Woolsthorpe
Lincolnshire was born a boy, named Isaac - as well as his father.
Unfortunately, the father and son never saw each other: the father died 3
months before the birth of his son.
Baby Isaac was born premature;
there is a legend that after his birth he was so small that he was placed
in a sheepskin mitten, which was lying on a bench. One day he dropped out
of this mitten and struck head on the floor.
Born until the time Isaac was so frail
and weak, that the priest Barnabas Smith felt that he was "not for long
time", so he for a long time did not dare to baptize. And yet he survived,
he was baptized, and named Isaac as his late father.
Newton himself later said:
«According to words of my mother, I was
born so small, that I could bathe in a large beer mug».
However, this weak baby, surprisingly, has survived and, oddly enough, for
all his long life is almost never sick.
When Isaac was three years old, his
mother decided to get married again and moved to the house of her new
husband and son was left in the care of his grandmother. So they lived with
his grandmother - in a small rural house of gray stone, surrounded by a
rare fence. Financially the family was sufficiently secured, so a child not
needed anything, but in the maternal affection and attention the boy was
denied.
Much later, ten years after the death
of his stepfather nineteen year old Newton for confession included into a
list of his sins the next words: I wanted to burn the house of my stepfather
and my mother. Apparently, the desire for revenge for the mother destitute
childhood never left him for many years.
With the help of such difficulties,
mistrust, misunderstanding and resentment childhood can perhaps be explained
and all subsequent unsociable and acrimony nature of Newton, which manifested
in his relations with others.
Newton grew up sickly and not sociable,
prone to daydreaming. In adolescence he differed from his peers complete
indifference to the noisy amusements and a keen interest in any job that
required any tools or equipment.
He could spend hours watching a carpenter
or a blacksmith, and then himself repeat what he saw, as he could. He was
attracted by poetry and painting, he loved tinkering kites, scooters, water
clocks, vehicle with pedals.
When he finally understood the principle
of the windmill, then he built a little of its copy, in which he placed a
mouse. Each time to eat, the mouse had to climb up till the bags of grain,
and by such manner he revolved the mill wheel.
Mother of Isaac widowed again eight
years after her departure from Woolsthorpe. Only then did she return to
her own son, with three new children, whom she brought from Smith.
Soon after the return of the mother
Isaac, which was already twelve years old, he was sent to study in
Lincolnshir, in the school Kingsskul, located in Grentem.
Since this school was far away from home, the boy could not every day go
back home - he lived in the family of a local pharmacist named Clark.
The beginning of school life was
difficult for Isaac. He was a weak boy and studied poorly. In the house
of the apothecary, where Isaac lived, he received basic information on
chemistry and became interested in alchemy. Much time he spent in the
library, he extracted an information out the books about the rules of the
drawing with pen and ink, about the chemical experiments, about the
medicinal herbs and about the medicinal drugs. All these books were in
Latin.
In school period Isaac had no any
friends. He naturally was not gregarious boy, and there was none to help
him find a common language with the village boys. The boys were not affable
relatively to him, because he's always been a winner in any games
that required ingenuity. In the games he usually invented new rules or he
improved the old ones. Among peers, he was very lonely.
One day classmates beat him until he
lost consciousness. For such a touchy Newton to accept it was unbearable.
He had only one way: to stand out success in school.
By means of the hard work he made that by the results of studies he took
first place in the classroom.
In autumn 1660 the headmaster Stokes
invited Newton to live in his home and began preparation him to the
University of Cambridge. Isaac studied Latin, studied Greek and French,
he studied the Bible. His teacher Stocks and Uncle William were assured
that their pet will become a famous theologian.
In Grantem Isaac had read a book by
John Wilkins' "Mathematical Magic" and "Opening a new world on the moon".
He learned about the mechanical machines, lenses, perpetual motion for the
trip to the moon, the world system of Copernicus and Kepler's laws. These
non-fiction book awakened the genius of Newton. He passionately wanted to
devote himself to scientific knowledge as a form of worship to God.
Interest in technology forced Newton
to think about the phenomena of nature, he also was deeply involved in
maths studies. How about this later wrote Jean Baptiste Bie:
"One of his uncle finding him once under
the hedge with a book in his hands, immersed in deep thought, took the book
and found that he was busy by solving one mathematical problem. Amazed at
such a serious and active studies of so young man, he persuaded his mother
do not oppose the request of her son and send him to continue
studies".
He loved solitude, surrounding people
seldom heard his voice. Lonely he remained in throughout whole his life.
He could not tolerate any disputes, particularly scientific. And to think
and to write he loved. In his solitude, this quiet, taciturn man
revolutionized the relationship between man and nature, in our outlook. He
created a language of classical science, with the help of which she thinks
and says for three centuries.
He became a student only in 1664, but at
first by nothing remarkable he from itself not showed. This 1664-th year in
the life of Newton was rich and other events. That year Newton survived a
creative upsurge, he started his independent research activities and formed
for himself from a 45-points a list of unsolved problems in nature and
human life.
At Cambridge, he lived as something
invisible. He avoided the student's cheerful companies, avoided reunions,
and if he came to the company, never drank, ate little and sat there as
like under duress.
According to the memoirs of a roommate,
Newton selflessly gave himself up only teaching, forgetting about food and
the dream. Probably, despite all the difficulties, this was such the way of
life, which he desired himself. He was very diligent student, he was deeply
interested in mathematics. But he did not flaunt himself, and therefore we
can not see how in just a few years there has been made a fantastic
transformation of yesterday's provincial student into a completely
independent and original researcher.
In this case there is no any
explanations, no shocks from outside, no motives. And we can only guess
about what kind of creative process constantly occurred in the depths
of his mighty brain.
In these student years, was finally
formed the character of Newton - the scientific meticulousness, the
desire to get to the essence, not any indulgence for fraud, for slander
and oppression, but indifference to public glory. And, despite these
good inclinations, he still had no friends.
Judging from student notebooks of
Newton, in these years he continued tinkering (primarily scientific
instruments), enthusiastically engaged in optics, astronomy, mathematics,
phonetics, the theory of music.
Scientific support, the ideological
inspirations of creativity Newton were the greatest physicists:
Kepler, Galileo and Descartes. Newton completed their works by
combining them into a universal system of the world.
In the student Newton book for remarks
was an interesting statement:
In philosophy nothing can not be
sovereign, only the truth... We should erect a gold monuments for Kepler,
Galileo, Descartes and to write on each monument:
«Plato - a friend, Aristotle - a friend, but the main our friend is the
truth»
About his method of research Newton
once wrote:
«I always keep in mind the subject of
my research and am waiting patiently until the first glimmer slowly and
gradually becomes a full and brilliant light».
Thus, the ray of his genius in 1666
highlighted the law of gravity. However, in the character of Newton was
a strange thing - he did not like to publish his works. Newton
knew what forces keep the moon in the sky, but the world learns about
it only after 20 years. He was very unhurried and very detailed.
In 1692 Newton's little dog named
Diamond in the absence of the owner knocked over a candle on a pile of
manuscripts and they were burned to ashes. It is unlikely that any other
dog has caused so much damage to mankind. After that, Newton was on the
verge of mental illness, for some time he generally could not work.
Some biographers associated with this event further manifestation of his
morbid self-love, the intolerance to all who have worked in science, in
areas close to the sphere of his interests.
It was after this heavy attack Newton
with biliary irritation wrote the words, which even today are sometimes,
unfortunately, very true:
«...I am convinced that, or I should
not disclose anything new, or I have to spend all my forces to protect
my disclosures».
However, Newton's brilliant creative
intuition has not changed him even at the end of his life. Even in old
age he for a long time was watching the fireworks, which slips between
the needle and amber, which was rubbed by wool, then he wrote that they
reminded him a little lightning. He felt that he stands before the gates
of something new and mysterious. This was yet no studied a vast world
of electricity and magnetism. Newton was ready to open this world, but
he did not have enough time.
Newton was awesome homebody and during
whole his life never removed himself from his home more than 180
kilometers. He never crossed the Channel and did not leave his England
for a single day. About him is difficult to write: no adventure, no
extraordinary cases, no bright events. Probably somewhere in the friend's
house or in a crowd you would have paid no attention to this silent,
unfunny person below average height, having the most an ordinary
appearance.
It was said that he was a bad
interlocutor, in conversation he could suddenly shut up and think deeply.
Then his quick lively eyes became "freezed". Such men do not enjoy the
success with women, so Newton was never married.
He fell in love too only once, when he was in school in Grantham. His
darling girl was Miss Storey, and she was very pretty. This girl was and
remained the only his romantic love his whole life. Allegiance to this
love he retained forever. Even in extreme old age, he visited his old
lady, to which was turned charming earlier the little girl.
Newton deeply believed in the
mechanistic world view. Once it is fully constructed his mechanics
"and on earth and in heaven", he wrote the following:
«It would be desirable to derive
from the principles of mechanics and other natural phenomena, whereas
much makes me believe that all these phenomena are caused by certain
forces with which the particles of bodies, due to reasons yet unknown,
or tend towards each other and create the correct forms,
or mutually repel each other and become removed from each
other. Since these forces are unknown, so
farattempts of philosophers to explain the
phenomena of nature and remained infertile.
In late 1703 he was elected president
of the Royal Society. By this time, Newton had already reached the
pinnacle of his fame. In 1705 he was elevated to the dignity of
knighthood, but having a large apartment, having already six servants
and a rich crew for trips, he was still lonely.
His time active creativity was
already over: the next 20 years, Newton has not released no one new
scientific work. During these years he confined himself to preparing
the publication "Optics", republication labor "Mathematical Principles
of Natural Philosophy" and the interpretation of Scripture (him belongs
the interpretation of the Apocalypse, as well as an essay about the
prophet Daniel).
Newton finished and mathematically
formalized the idea of Aristarchus of Samos, who lived more than a
thousand years before him, about the rotation of Earth around the Sun,
gave the scientific structure of the solar system, developed an accurate
and indestructible the geometric representation about it.
The main achievements of Newton still
exist, but they were further developed. Their subsequent understanding
of the radically changed. Newton understood the reality in the ancient
Hellenic interpretation of the world. In this case, we must consider the
historical scientific environment in which he worked.
Newton lived 85 years until his death
and, basically, had a good health. He died in Kensington, near London,
March 31, 1727. Shortly before his death, he was cheerful, laughing,
talking with your doctor, read the newspapers. He simply and quietly
died at night. Shortly before his death, as if looking at his own life,
so calm externally and so violently stormy internally, Isaac Newton said
a phrase:
«I do not know as who I am seemed
for the world, but for myself I am seemed only as a boy, who is playing
on the seashore and have fun by the fact that from time to time I found
a stone more flamboyant than usual or red conch, while the great ocean
of truth stretches unexplored before me».
Many of the discoveries of Isaac
Newton were published 20-40 years after they were made. Newton did not
seek fame. In 1670 he wrote to John Collins the following words:
«I see nothing desirable in glory.
Even if I be able to win the fame, it probably would increased the number
of my acquaintances, but that's exactly what I'm most trying to
avoid».
By the end of his life Isaac Newton
was altogether alone. He had no even a pupil, to whom he can convey his
archive and his diary entries with scientific reasoning and evidence.
Less than six months before his death
he without addressing to any person, wrote one letter, about which in
the academic world, few people know. Here is the letter:
"Letter to the One, Who can do things
Which I was not able to do. I, the great physicist and scientist Isaac
Newton, repented in all that was done and not done by me, and recognized
my inconsistency in matters of physics, I give this Work into the hands
of Someone Who can do what I did not could, Who can estimate aware the
knowledge, which I have received, and can preserve the relics, which were
sent me by Nature, which is ruling over all and over all... I pray Thee,
Good Friend of my research, to convey to people What you find here...
On this I remain a slave of Your Will and deeds, a teacher of physics and
lies, "Isaac Newton!".
His first scientific publication
(October 1666), which sets out a framework of analysis, he never began to
publish, it was found only 300 years later.
Sources used (in Russian): http://www.yperboreia.org/newton.asp
http://ru.wikipedia.org/
http://www.friendship.com.ru/
Note: If you are interested in the person of Isaac Newton, you can read a collection
of his sayings, placed by me under
"Thoughts of Great People" on this website.
"...Genious people often do not fit into our society".
(From the speech of Whittaker on the memorable meeting in honor of 100 anniversary
of the birth of Oliver Heaviside)
On the personality of Oliver Heaviside was written
not so much. However, this does not mean that he not deserves more attention than the
attention, that was bestowed him by his contemporaries. I recently read a book, B.M.
Bolotovsky "Oliver Heaviside", this book inspired me to write this article, although about
Oliver Heaviside I've read before. I straight say you, that all the citations I will quote there
namely from this book.
The book Bolotovskii contains a lot of formulas
and scientific explanations are essentially those discoveries that are made by Heaviside.
I shall spare the reader and don't send him to the "scientific jungle". Let it do more than
narrow specialists. I am interested in something else entirely. The main focus of my article
will be placed on the individual, conditions of life, the character of this man and his
importance to posterity.
Oliver Heaviside was born in London on May 18,
1850 in the artist's family. Oliver was the youngest of four sons. His parents were not rich,
so Oliver could finish only not full middle school. To continue his education in the family
had no money.
As a child, Oliver, draw well, as evidenced by the
drawings he had made in the age of 11. However, even in childhood, Oliver became interested
in "the science of electricity". Now it is difficult to say what influenced this choice. There is,
however, one very likely explanation. His maternal aunt was the wife of Charles Wheatstone, a
famous physicist, author of many studies in acoustics, optics, electricity and magnetism.
Wheatstone was the founder of practical telegraphy. Apparently, that Wheatstone and gave to
the young Oliver necessary "pulse" in that direction. It is known that young Oliver for four years
(from 1870 to 1874) worked telegrapher in Newcastle. Telegraph case was then "in its infancy",
probably therefore so young Oliver did not need special education in order to take the place of
the telegraph.
Inquiring mind Oliver went deeply into every detail
of all the technical problems that turned out to be very important in the telegraph.
In that distant time telegraphist personally participated in the telegraph cable survey, wich was
damaged, and was seeking the ways of its correction. As Oliver had no formal education, so he
himself studied many of the questions, and then he himself had found some technical solutions
to address emerging problems.
Looking ahead to point out that about twenty years
later after the discovery of the telegraph communication Heaviside had constructed a complete
theory of signal propagation along the line of communication, and based on this theory, the
capacity of telegraph lines was increased many times over.
In 1874, a telegraph operator Oliver became undergo
the deafness. Perhaps this was the reason that this year he left the telegraph service and
devoted himself entirely to independent scientific work. For his scientific studies he has
equipped his father's house as a laboratory, where were the batteries, measuring instruments,
telegraph, telephone and other laboratory equipment.
His first scientific paper, which was devoted to
accurate measurement of resistance, Oliver Heaviside published in 1872, next year he
published his second work on this topic.
And in works of this period, and throughout his subsequent scientific work of Heaviside
acted as both the experimenter and as a theorist. About what the scientific value of the
first works Heaviside, can be judged from the fact that in Maxwell's famous book "A
Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism" end of the 351-th section is devoted to research
results Heaviside. In this case, Oliver Heaviside - the only scientist, who was mentioned
by Maxwell in his treatise.
In 1876, Oliver Heaviside, who was then 26
ears old, has gained prominence in professional circles, even though most readers could
understand and appreciate much of his works. He was elected to the board of the Society
of telegraph engineers (a corresponding member of this society he was already elected
two years earlier, in 1874). As for the exterior of Heaviside, there is an interesting
description, referring specifically to this period:
"He was a little below average height, reddish hair, discreet, witty and possessed a
powerful character".
It is interesting that after the release of the
first scientific papers Heaviside, he was offered a job in the company "Western Union"
with payment of 250 pounds per year. It was good payment at the time, but Oliver did
not accept this proposal. He was wholly absorbed in his scientific interests, all the other
questions seemed to him a waste of time.
Namely such the experimenter, theorist, a lone
genius Oliver Heaviside and remained all his life. He did was never deal with any
official work. Throughout his academic life (and his personal life he did not have at all)
Heaviside only was doing that solved all the new and emerging scientific issues. In this
case, he dozens of times rechecked solutions found, and only then he sent his articles
into scientific journals. If it happened that the magazine took his article, then the fee
for the publication of the article and was its earnings. Other sources of income for the
Heaviside were not.
Lyrical digression. It is said that someone
once told to an elderly Heaviside:
"You had to marry, Mr Heaviside. To which he replied: "If I be married, what would
become of my work?"
Scientific journals are often rejected his
papers and the reasons for this were several. The first reason: The author did not have
proper "academic education", so many "natives known universities" just did not took
him seriously. The second reason was that Heaviside had the high scientific style of
presentation, that too many scientists (even had "universities education") simply could
not always understand him. The third reason was that for the publication of any article
in a scientific journal it (the article) was to be taken by a scientific censorship. In this
case, often appeared that the censors had their scientific training much lower than the
author of the article. What kind of assessment the censors could give to this article?
Definitely negative!
Due to such hostility on the part of
representatives of the modern Heaviside scientific world, he soon becomes more
irritable and angry. Even his purely scientific papers began to contain elements of the
irritability from a misunderstanding of and disrespect on the part of many scientific
opponents. At the personal papers of Heaviside was persisted one letter from a publisher
who refused to print some of the works Heaviside, which contained scathing remarks
against his scientific opponents. The publisher feared possible prosecution by the
offended opponent and asked Heaviside not insist on publishing the article.
As a characteristic of the Heaviside will be
interesting the following quote:
«The having power men he had offended with the help of his nobility and frankness.
He irritated his publishers by his satire and irony. His books did not could find a
market».
A big role in "rejection" Heaviside in the
academic world played the fact, that he "did it all by his own manner" in the sense
that the absence of formal education he supplemented by the self-education and the
style and methods of presentation of scientific issues he developed himself. When "at
the forefront of science," he lacked any scientific terms, he had them quickly for myself
and thought out. One critic even called Heaviside as "genius inventor of new terms".
Heaviside developed his scientific language, his system of images, the own style of
formulating and solving scientific problems.
People who received his education at Oxford
and Cambridge were often "turned away" from Heaviside articles already because his style
of writing was for them a very unusual.
Heaviside was never caught for personal gain.
All his life he lived on the verge of need, and the last 8-10 years he lived in complete
poverty. He led a reclusive life, doing only science. Oliver liked the solitude, and if
someone wanted to discuss with him the scientific question, he usually shied away from
the meeting, preferring to correspondence. In the correspondence, it was as neat as in
scientific matters: a single letter, he did not leave unanswered.
Responding to any letter addressed to him, he did not regret his time and tried to respond
as fully as possible.
Name Heaviside while his life was unknown to
general readers of the scientific community. Knew about it and gave him his due, only few,
but the most outstanding researchers of electromagnetism: Larmore, Fitzgerald, Hertz,
Kelvin, Rayleigh, JJ Thomson, Lorenz. For all others Heaviside was difficult and
incomprehensible. The reason is the fact that the style of scientific research, created by
Heaviside, was far ahead of his time, as well as his findings. "Scientific kitchen" Heaviside
was closer to modern ones.
The first few years of independent scientific
activity Heaviside devoted to the study of new Maxwell's theory.
But to understand it he had to master quickly the major mathematical tools - to study
the differential and integral calculus, differential equations and much more. This tasks
Heaviside coped successfully. In a very short time he mastered all necessary for him
branches of mathematics, which in itself is surprisingly respectful. Later, he even created
two new fields of mathematical physics - vector analysis and operational calculus.
Operational calculus he applied to solving linear
differential equations. In this method, the operation of differentiation at one variable is
replaced by the multiplication of a differentiable function on a symbol that in time may
be regarded as a prime number. This replacement simplifies the equation, and if desired
function depends only on one variable, then the differential equation becomes algebraic.
Then, a simplified equation can be solved by conventional methods, and after the
solving the symbol that replaces the operation of differentiation, is regaining its original
meaning.
Thus, the solution is a some kind of operator
that you must apply to a given function to get the solution in explicit form. Heaviside
showed that for a large class of physically important problems the decision by this
method reduces to the Implementation of series of standard algebraic operations.
Operational calculus makes it easy to define
the behavior of the circuit directly after inclusion, when the currents have not yet reached
a stationary value. To consider the inclusion, Heaviside introduced a special function. It's
called "Heaviside function". This function vanishes for all the negative points of time and it
is equal to unity for all positive points of time.
Heaviside widely used in his calculations of
another function. He called it "the pulse function". She had a very strange properties: equal
to zero at all points except the one where she goes to infinity. In this case, the definite
integral of this function was equal to one if this point falls in the interval of integration.
This function describes the momentum effect on the system. Such an effect occurs, for
example, when the elastic collision of two hard balls. Forces were acting on the balls only
at the moment of collision, but the integral of force during the time (the transferred impuls)
is nonzero.
Heaviside examined in detail the properties of
the impulse function. However, these Heaviside works been forgotten. More than thirty
years later this same function to re-introduced to the physics of Dirac, who was not familiar
with the works of Heaviside. Now, the impulse function of Heaviside is often used in
theoretical physics and is called the "Dirac delta function".
Heaviside was an opponent of mathematical rigor
for the sake of rigor. He was a great representative of mathematical physics. Mathematics he
valued only insofar as it helped to solve physical problems. Regarding accusations against its
"operational calculus" from the "pure mathematicians" he wrote:
«Indeed, they (operators) use often leads to great
simplifications and eliminates the need to carry out complex calculations of definite integrals.
But this strict logic of the case is not clear!
Well, what of it? Will I have to give up lunch because I do not fully understand the process
of digestion? No, I will if I am satisfied with the result».
It should be noted that only 50 years later of
alternating operational calculus of Heaviside was fully justified mathematically.
Almost all of the methods and rules used by the Heaviside (often intuitively), subsequently
received the most rigorous mathematical justification.
In numerous disputes with the "rigorous
mathematics" Heaviside had always stressed an important role of intuition in scientific
knowledge. He did not undermine the role of logical knowledge. But he knew that it is not
possible by purely logical way to deduce the laws of nature from the known set of facts.
Einstein spoke out about this even more clearly.
He believed there is no logical path from the data of experience to the formulation of
laws of nature. In this sense, the relationship between experimental data and the laws
of nature, according to Einstein, is always intuitive.
In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the word
"intuition" is defined as "the ability to comprehend the truth by direct its discretion,
without justification by evidence". Opponents of the methods of Heaviside, apparently
did not think about what really new could never be derived purely logically
based on the famous old.
In the process of knowledge of the world's the logical and the intuitive parts should not
exclude each other, but, namely, should complement each other.
Enormous difficulties experienced by the
Heaviside with the publication of his work led him once to the idea that maybe he
should not try to officially publish the scientific results.
You just need to be satisfied that the results are received and keep them at home, as
did, for example, the great British scientists Cavendish and Lord Kelvin. But, thinking
over such option, Heaviside strongly rejected it. On this occasion, he once wrote the
following:
«Classification, which practiced Cavendish,
absolutely inexcusable. It is a sin. One can imagine a case where a person is silent or
from self-doubt or from frustration in the non-recognition of the work that he gives
the world. Few people have unlimited force of resistance. But make great discoveries
and keep them secret, as did the Cavendish, without any good reason - it is perhaps
one of the greatest crimes in which may be guilty such a person».
With respect to the scientific level of papers
Heaviside, is interesting statement of his contemporary, the pupil of Lord Kelvin, the
eminent scientist John Perry:
«I put the Heaviside next to these two people
(Kelvin and Fitzgerald), but I never pretended to be able to read the Heaviside function.
I'd really wanted, like many people like me. Someone had to rewrite the Heaviside
at our level».
Perry's words that someone must to rewrite
the Heaviside papers more accessible level, reflects the view of many physicists. Those
scholars, who supported the Heaviside, perfectly understood that Heaviside was
undoubtedly a great scholar. Apart from the purely scientific problems, he also thought
and spoke about the problem of teaching, but he did not ever be the teacher.
It is believed that serious science can flourish
only with good funding, which often turns out the public financing. On this occasion
there is even a humorous definition of science:
"Science is the satisfaction of your own
curiosity at public expense".
With regard to the Heaviside, for him
science was something more than mere desire to satisfy his curiosity. Simply, the
science was "all his life" and he was engaged into science without receiving any
payment for it.
Material conditions of Heaviside life have
always been uneasy, and friends tried to help him they could. In February 1894,
George Fitzgerald, Oliver Lodge and John Perry wrote him a joint letter with the
request consent to receive a fee from the Fund for Scientific support for the Royal
Society "in recognition of many contributions to science for the development work
of Faraday and Maxwell". But Heaviside, considering the proposal as a charity,
abandoned.
In 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics was
awarded to Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman. In his Nobel speech,
outlining the history of electrodynamics, and speaking of his electron theory,
Lorentz referred and to the Heaviside:
«...I took the generally accepted
equations from the works of Hertz and Heaviside and added some assumptions
about the force acting on an electron».
It is difficult to say, whether Heaviside
could read the Lorenz's Nobel lecture, and if he read it, then it's interesting, what
he experienced in this sense. Perhaps he was glad that Lorenz pointed him as a
predecessor, and perhaps grumbled something to himself about it.
The fact is, that the expression for the force acting on an electron in a magnetic
field, Heaviside obtained few years before Lorenz.
After his mother died Heaviside (1894),
and then his father (1896), he was completely alone, and he often had to be
distracted from his science to do at home at least some "living wage" of works.
About these "problems" he once wrote to his friend the following:
«One day ago I did jam from few apples
and a small number of non-edible black currants, which have not yet been stolen
by the boys. But I'm not made for cooking. I keep forgetting. Then it's became
undercooked, turns to ash, which I found several hours later. Or, if I am boiling
an egg, I'm distracted because of a loud conversation. Or I am not poured a
water. Or it is all boiled off».
Long life in solitude always imposes
on a person an indelible imprint. Heaviside yet at his parents lives was a recluse.
But what he felt when he was left completely alone? An interesting impression
of Heaviside got Dr Crowther, the student and staff member of Dr. Seal (former
friend of the Heaviside). After visiting the Heaviside in 1914, he spoke:
«Even after this brief encounter left
me with a very deep impression from Heaviside. I've never met another such
man who, despite the external eccentricity, smite me by the feeling, that I meet
with a truly great mind. I am very glad that I visited him, but I never dared to
visit him again».
31 December 1924 the Seal and his
wife came to visit the Heaviside. Shortly before the trip they received from him
a lively and humorous letter. In the letter, he described how recently fell down
the stairs. Letter shows that it was the same old, strange and able to joke Oliver.
He wrote that he expects them to visit, it will be very glad to see them, although
it feels bad: "...I have jaundice, so do not expect much".
January 1, 1925 they met. Oliver was
yellow, he quickly tired and guests left him soon. In parting, he asked them to buy
some handkerchiefs. The next day, the Seals came back and brought him ordered
handkerchiefs. But they could not enter the house. At the knock of no one
answered. Through a day at the evening they learned that morning Heaviside was
found at his home unconscious and was sent to the hospital.
Seals on several occasions visited him in
hospital. He was weak, but he tried to look hilarious and tried to joke. However, the
first improvement of his condition did not remained for a long time.
He began to feel at himself the various complications, and February 3, 1925
Heaviside died. Last Oliver illness was not the only one, he had earlier a lot of
illnesses. But before he got to hospital, he apparently never appealed to the doctor.
Yet he lived to be 75 years and until the end of his days he retained the clarity of
thought and ability to joke.
Oliver died without leaving a will.
The next day after the funeral of Dr. Seal, along with Head of the Bank went to the
home Heaviside (who stood uninhabited for about a month) to find the Faraday
Medal and other relics and valuables.
Many were interested in the question in
what scientific problems was involved Heaviside after 1912, when he stopped
publishing his work. In particular, it was known that in the last years of his life
Heaviside prepared for publication the manuscript of the fourth volume of
"Electromagnetic Theory". There are many indications that this volume has already
been written, but after the death of the Heaviside manuscript papers were not found.
It is possible that it was stolen. In the first days after the death of the Heaviside his
house was burgled. Among other stolen things looters could kidnap the manuscript
of the fourth volume. Find it never succeeded.
Most of his life Heaviside devoted of electricity.
But area of his scientific interests was not limited at this. As for physics in general, the
main Heaviside goal was to build the unified field theory, in which would be accomplished
the unity of electromagnetism, mechanical mass (inertia) and gravity. In constructing his
general theory Heaviside took as the basis of electromagnetic field theory. However, as
we now know, Heaviside was never complete the construction of unified field theory.
Familiarity with the life and works of Heaviside
leads to many thinkings. Deserve the greatest respect his strength of will, the indomitable
spirit of knowledge. Surprising richness of his results. Great estimation also cause unique
features of his personality and his hard life fills us with sympathy.
Neighbors, next to whom lived in recent years
Heaviside, of course, could not understand the content of his scientific papers.
However, according to how many letters came to Heaviside and what respectable guests
visited his home, they knew that their neighbor is an outstanding scientist. After his death
at the house, where Oliver Heaviside lived, was a memorial plaque.
Literature:
B.M. Bolotovskii. OLIVER HEAVISIDE. M. Ed. "Science", 1985
Anaxagoras was the son of Gegesibula or Evbula,
klazomenets (born in the Greek city Klazomeny). He was an Anaximen's student and he was first,
who added a mind into the material, he began his work - and it was written as enjoyable and full of
majesty syllable - like this: "All things have been mixed, and then came the mind and brought
them into order."
Therefore, people called him "Mind" (the corresponding Greek word in English is pronounced as
"Nous") and the Timon in "Sillakh" speaks of him as:
«Anaxagoras, a brave hero - his name is "Mind"
Because he taught that the mind, suddenly awoke from their slumber,
To link together all things, that were before in the mixing»
Anaxagoras was distinguished not only kind of nobility
and wealth, but also a deep intelligence, since abandoned the ancestral estate in favor of their
relatives. Those accused him that he does not care about the ancestral estate, but he told them:
"Well, make care you", - and, eventually, he retired and gave himself up to speculation of nature,
not being interested in public affairs. In response to someone's criticisms: "You do not think
about the Motherland" - he said: "I often think about my motherland!" - And he pointed his
finger at the sky.
Once he was asked why he was born into the world,
to which he replied: "For the sake of contemplation of the sun, moon and sky." "You have lost
the Athenians," - someone said him. "No - he answered, - is they have lost me."
Returning from a long travel home and seeing his
abandoned possessions, he said: "I would not have survived if they had not lost."
It is said that Anaxagoras Klazomensky never seen
laughing or smiling. He said that there are two classes of death: the time before birth, and sleep.
Anaxagoras maintained that "there is very little thing, but every time there is something even smaller,
and there is very big thing, but every time there is something even bigger." Anaxagoras knew a
double world order: one is comprehended by mind, the other - sensual.
In the first book, "Physics" Anaxagoras clearly says
that the birth and death - is the connection and disconnection; he writes: "Greeks think wrong about
the birth and death: in fact, nothing is born and dies, but connects from the things that are already
there and splits. So it would be better to consider the birth as "connection", but the death as
"separation".
In the same "Physics" he wrote:
"All things contain a portion of the total, the mind is something infinite and autocratic and not
mixed with any one thing, but - only - on his own. If he was not in itself, but was mixed with
something else, he would be involved in all things at once, whether it is mixed with something by one.
For, as I said above, all contain the share of everything. Added things would hinder him, not giving
to manage a single thing as it governs alone and by itself».
Further, he wrote:
«Once the mind began to move, out of all movable separation began to occur, and all that mind
in motion, was divided. As things were set in motion and separated, gyre caused much greater
separation».
Pliny wrote:
«The Greeks told that Anaxagoras Klazomensky in the second year the 78-th Olympiad
(467-466 BC), due to their knowledge in astronomy, predicted THE DAYS will drop a stone
from the sun, which happened in broad daylight in the area of Thrace near River Egospotamy (this stone
people show up to this day: it is the size of a loaded cart and scorched color), and in those nights the sky
was blazing comet. If you believe that he really is predicted, will also have to recognize that the Anaxagoras
visionary ability was absolutely amazing; our very ability to understand the nature of things will be in
jeopardy, and all mixed up, if we assume that the sun is a stone itself, or it ever was a stone on the sun.
However, the fact of the fall of stones from the sky can be no doubt.
One such small stone up to this day is carefully preserved in Abydos High School; people say that his fall
on the mainland had been predicted by the same Anaxagoras.
In the historical chronicles a lot of times there are reports that
Anaxagoras foretold the fall of a stone or stones, and that these predictions are bound to be filled.
Now I would like to ask modern scholars: which of you will be able to predict the fall of at least one stone
from the sky at a particular location in a particular day?
I think that in our society, despite the development of science and technology, there is hardly even one such
scholar. Then think: to what extent he, Anaxagoras, was able to "merge with nature" and delve into it so
much that he "read it like an open book ... " At this point, I thought:
"And maybe, eventually, we (humanity) in vain have gone to the technocratic path of development? Too many
facts indicate that it may simply "dead-end" that is "going nowhere"".
I think that the "main law of nature" was already known Anaxagoras,
although it is unlikely he was able to competently write it down and bring to the attention of others. It was
probably just "his law" that could use it alone.
When Anaxagoras died, residents Lampsacus buried him with honors,
and carved the inscription on the tomb:
Truth upper limit and boundaries of the universe has reached
Here, beneath this plate, Anaxagoras was buried.
I forced to admit: that Anaxagoras has inspired me to look for a
clear formulation of the "law of world harmony." That's why, when the clear law formulation was found, I
called it "NOUS-LAW". My short working title of the law reads as follows: "MAKAROV'S NOUS-LAW".
Every person who deals with science, relies on some of his
scientific predecessors. I also have some predecessors: Einstein, Newton, Heaviside, Anaxagoras. They
are my teachers, spiritual leaders, they inspired me for all of my achievements...
In the course of their scientific research, I used not only the
natural-scientific literature. I've often looked at some another books, such as "The Bible", "Kabbalah",
"The Koran", "Bhagavad-Gita"... I can not say that I was doing a systematic study of these books, but
something relating to my "law of world harmony, I found there.
«In the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Amen!»
I think that all people on Earth know the words. A Have you ever wondered what they mean by the
essence? Why is Father, Son and Holy Spirit - it is the "Holy Trinity", without which, after the Ecumenical
Council of Nicaea (325 AD) "take a step impossible" in our Christianity.
The thing is that this trio is a fundamental principle of all life, all of the material world.
Now look at the graphic illustration of my law world harmony.
I think that you have understood everything. For those who still something did not understand, I placed
the second image too.
It is easy to see that both images contain exactly
"living wage" of my law: Two primary elements and some "interaction" between them
(eg, the Holy Spirit). As a result of "work" of the above trio, all that you can imagine appears
to the world. And it concerns living or not living part of nature.
And what about other religions? I can assure you that
the founders of all world religions were very smart people, no worse than Anaxagoras, of whom
little has been written above. When contemplating the world, they all saw that a world is "ruled
by" ubiquitous "trinity", although, of course, to describe it, every religion uses the own words,
their own ways of expression, but the essence remains the same. The such essence of how I
learned was laid in the Kabbalah too.
"The divine trinity is derived from God, the Son of God
and the Holy Spirit" (V. Shmakov. "The Sacred Book of Thoth, The great tarot arcanas, Moscow,
1916, Reprint 1993, with reference to the Zohar and Kabbalah, p. 66.).
"...Corona, Intelligence and Wisdom form the first
indivisible Trinity..., Generosity, and Power... combined into the Beauty and construct with
the Beauty the second indivisible trinity. Next comes the third trio of Victory
or Eternity, Glory and a Fundamental principle or ORIGIN PRINCIPLE
(See St. Petersburg, 1914, N.L. Butmi, "Kabbalah, heresies and secret societies", p. 7)
«In ancient Slavic faith, which dates back to the
Vedas - the trinity of three of the Trinity:
1) Right, Nav, Jav (Yahweh), 2) Svarog, Light <(Sventovit)>, Perun, 3) Soul (Mind), Power, Flesh .
(V. Emeljanov, "de-Zionization")». (see "Questions for Metropolit Ioann - Metropolit of St. Petersburg
and Ladoga - and for HIERARCHY OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, St. Petersburg, 2005,
p. 45)
Found in the Koran the trinity in explicit form I
could not. However, in an implicit form of "producing the Trinity" in the Koran, after all,
is present.
«Sura 25 is named: "Distinction", in it, in particular,
says: Allah "has created all things and gave each of them its measure»(Quran translated by
Krachkovski, 25:2). In the terminology of modern science, it can be understood as follows:
the Creator of all things material attached to the information characteristics of its extent,
and the difference measures allows perceiving the information to distinguish between material
things in the universe, which is an inseparable trinity "matter-information-measure"
(see "Questions for Metropolit Ioann - Metropolit of St. Petersburg and Ladoga - and for
HIERARCHY OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, St. Petersburg, 2005, p. 25)
"If this is set out briefly, then the trio - Sephar,
Sipur, Sefer - is equivalent to the triunity "MEASURE-information-matter", the Koran directly
stated about this." (see "Questions for Metropolit Ioann - Metropolit of St. Petersburg
and Ladoga - and for HIERARCHY OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, St. Petersburg, 2005,
p. 47)
But what brought the Holy Trinity in Hinduism,
the sacred book which is the Bhagavad-Gita? The answer to this is the following
information:
The Vedic literature says about the three aspects
of the Absolute Truth: Bhagavan, Paramitme and Brahman.
There are three energies of the Absolute: Chit-shakti
(spiritual energy of the Absolute Truth), Jeeva (individual living being, or soul), maya (material
illusion). The Hindu trinity: Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
Brahma (the Creator) creates the material universe and governs the mode of passion. Vishnu
(The Guardian) sustains the universe and controls the mode of goodness, and Shiva (the
Destroyer) destroys the universe and controls the mode of ignorance.
(see "Sketches of Vedic literature" Satsvarupa dasa Goswami from the portal "The World of
Hare Krishna": http://www.krishna.org.ua/).
Lord Dattatreya - the presiding deity - (see Fig. Right) clearly appears as the
incarnation of the Trinity.
(see "The Upanishads", "Dattatreya Upanishad"
at the site: http://scriptures.ru/dattaabs.htm)
European man, of course, difficult to master all
the nuances of Hindu religious culture, but I think as I already mentioned above, the deity
Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (The Guardian) and Shiva (the Destroyer) give the reader
an unambiguous hint to the "SYNTHESIS STABILITY and DECAY", which are referred to in
the "Law of the World Harmony".
Of course, the "STABILITY" in the law does not spelled
out clearly, but he and the law, to describe some changes, rather than the state of affairs when
"nothing happens". Stability - this is probably an illusion, fleeting state, which is just a
"transitional period" between synthesis and decay.
The law of world harmony - this is the truth which was
"in the air" already THOUSANDS OF YEARS. For its clear description of me personally
purposefully took eight years. Do you know why this law was not formulated before?
As a "participant and an eyewitness events" I can tell
you: anyone who came too close to the truth (ie to the description of this law) began to
"go hawking" in the most literal sense of the word.Those who have observed this phenomenon
when operating an internal combustion engine, it is easy to understand me.
In a earlier healthy person began dramatically increase
the pressure, cause severe heart palpitations and processes are rapidly accelerated in time...
(Probably the nature protects its secrets by such way). And the result?
The result - a heart attack or stroke, which has already claimed the lives of hundreds of people
to move along this path. Even those of you, who will now ponder too deeply into the
essence of this law, a great risk to their health ... I do not advise!
What is this alternative? Bright alternative to this is
known to all of Archimedes, who, finding solution to the problem of checking the purity of the
alloy in the royal crown, jumped out of the bath and running naked in the street shouting:
"Found! Found!"
Imagine a modern scholar at Archimedes place.
How would react to his behavior surrounding community? I think that everyone has already
guessed: the scientist would put in a madhouse. And those writers who are placed into the
"madhouse", as known, scientific researches nobody likes to read (and in vain!).
The question arises: what is my secret, why I still
had not move to the grave or to a madhouse?
The answer is: when I worked on this law, I lived
in a private home. As I worked, I "bifurcate their minds", while one part of my brain was
engaged in scientific problem, and the second one - watched the first part, in time to give
her the signal "Stop!".
A serious reader asks: "What should followed after
the signal "Stop!"?"
The answer is: when the signal "Stop!" was heard, I just
threw all my papers and ran into the yard, where was my woodshed.There, I grabbed the hands
of an ax and chopping wood (firewood although I had plenty of!) for as long as my "separation"
did not stop. The most abnormal human reaction to his scientific achievements - is running out
of the house and scream ... (Think about Archimedes).
For those who are in a similar situation could not "take
the hatchet" (live, for example, in a multistore building), there is another recommendation: take
the sports suit, the hat and running around the street a few blocks (preferably silently).
Infarct - a "nuclear explosion in the heart", and running or some other physical activity - is
the best way to avoid a heart attack.
I have a strong will and endless patience.
Therefore, I am still alive and well, what I wish you too!
(All citations of Anaxagoras taken me from the book
"Fragments of the early Greek philosophers". "Nauka" Publisher. Moscow. 1989)
«Hieroglyphs, which are inscribed on a basalt rock of Abu Simbel in Egypt, speak:
«When a person learns what moves the stars, the Sphinx will laugh
and life on earth dries up» (Wikipedia).
By the sound of wheels contacts can be established
more easily . And there is nothing surprising in this. Whether much do you need for
soulful conversation? At least two companion and any theme and... the talk took its
course. You'll see: the time will move more faster and the way will not seem too long.
Interlocutors in the train - although "a dime a dozen,"
but for "start point" is also not far to seek: there is such timeless themes as love,
politics, art, history, the problem of the "golden section" or "at worst", organ Cantata
and Fugue in D Minor by Bach...
I kept my legs crossed, because in front of me was
empty, and was reading a newspaper swaying under rhythmically knocking wheels of an
express train. On the bench beside me sat a cute woman about thirty years old, near
her at the window - a boy about twelve years old, apparently her son. On the opposite
bench closer to the window located an elderly couple. Faces of these people were also
very attractive: on their faces literally was written that they lived together for many
years in love and harmony.
Suddenly, a young woman, as if half in jest, asked me:
- why are you all the time are reading and reading?
Could you, for example, tell us some interesting story? Somewhat we are boring somehow.
True, Vadim? Then she looked inquiringly at his son and he nodded in response.
The very fact of asking this woman to me was, in my
opinion, not entirely justified: in fact may be the person is not unwilling, for example,
engage in a "road chatter". However, the simplicity and naturalness of her appeal, anxiety
and waiting of her wide-open moist eyes did their job.
The view of this frankly beautiful woman, and surfaced
from the depths of my mind a piece of the song: "...if a woman asks you..." led to the
fact that I without any extra "curtseys" began to tell my story:
- It happened eight years ago. If we are to be very
exact, it happened in April 1981. Specific number somehow erased from my memory, but
after all, it is absolutely irrelevant. I was sitting in his apartment watching
television and obsessing over watching a football match when the bell rang in my hallway.
Idly scraping with my old slippers and experiencing the
disappointment due to the fact that I was distracted from the important things, I went
to my enter door...
On the threshold stood my friend. More accurately,
he was not quite my friend, just an old familiar. Previously we had worked together, but
after he retired from our research institute, what happened three years before this visit,
our relations were limited only with the duty to welcome each other, as is often the case
when people apart from the welcome nothing more to say each other.
And this friend, and his name was Igor, late in the
evening came to visit me, though I not invited him earlier.
And what do you think was in his hands? I will not be
tease your imagination. I have to say: in one hand he has a five-liter jerry can of beer,
in the other - string bag with dried fish.
After these words, my travelers clearly perked up,
and even an old man smacked his lips as if he already felt in my mouth a taste of good
Czech beer.
Dove to my companions little deeply feel such "lyrical
circumstances", I continued my story.
- Hi, Vadim! - Igor said, and firmly walked into the
hall, as if it was not mine, but his apartments and, additionally, as if we quite
recently were parted.
I had no choice but to invite him to take off my coat
and walk into the kitchen. Because it is in kitchens, as a rule, we are doing the lion's
share of our large and small cases, which all together are referred to the word "life".
Igor took off the shelf two glasses, filled them with
a fragrant foam moisture of beer and lifting one of them solemnly said:
- Finally!..
Without waiting the simply and perfectly natural
question from me, he continued:
- Finally, I managed to find one, you understand,
ONE (!) Law, in according to which are revolving the planets and grow the trees, is
created music and are built architectural masterpieces, in according to which are born
and dieing people, the states and the galaxies...
Sudden chill ran through my neck. In silence I sat down
and picked up my glass...
It should be noted that in our institute about the Igor's
emotionality were told, in its time, many legends. He was excentric and at the same time, very
good-natured and utterly harmless person. He was ready his last penny to give to any man,
who asked him for an aid. He could easily go the night into the unknown when suddenly he
accidentally found out that someone needs his help...
I looked at his companions: they were full attention! Even
the little boy with the expectation was looking straight into my mouth and his jaw slightly dropped
down.
I was satisfied with the effect, so I continued:
- After his "fiery tirades" Igor gave me a sheet of paper
with printed text. The text took no more than half a page. Making sure that I had read his paper, he
silently took the paper, went into the hallway, dressed and left. "Beauty will save the world!" - It was
the last phrase of Igor before the lock of the front door snapped after him like a pistol shot.
Being in a state of some confusion, I did not notice that
the canister with a beer and roach stayed with me.
Having discovered this, I decided that Igor will soon return, but since that night we never met with
him. Gifts Igor I had to use for their intended purpose, since I did not know his address.
All my listeners were sitting holding their breath. Suddenly,
a neighbor woman broke the silence with the question:
- And what was written on that sheet?
- You know - I said in reply - I never differed with a good
memory. Nevertheless, some kind of supernatural power imprinted the text into my brain so hard
that now at any time of day I can reproduce it without any distortion, yet at that time I considered
it as "text without any sence".
On the sheet of paper was printed the following:
FULL (DOUBLE-SYMMETRIC) FORMULATION OF THE
LAW OF WORLD HARMONY
A real [ideal (virtual)] existence of two formations of
certain type and a real [ideal (virtual)] opportunity of their intertransitions (transmutation)
inevitably give birth to real [ideal (virtual)] formations of new two types, namely:
- formation of higher type, which is a generalization
for the set of formations of the initial type
("SYNTHESIS" - to this direction the volume of information increases, but entropy decreases);
- some formations of lower type, which are characterized by
the circumstance, that each of formations of initial type self is a generalization for set formations of
lower type
("DECAY" - to this direction the volume of information decreases, but entropy increases).
A deathly silence became established in our compartment.
But I'm not quite sure if this expression is applicable when the events occur in the compartment
express train. Even a fly, which early was crawling on the edge of a tea cup, seemed to me stopping
beating suspenseful...
Silence has become a painful, when my neighbor woman
asked me again:
- What do you think, whether it Igor was genius or he was
just crazy?
- I'm afraid I can not answer you - I said -
the reason is in the fact that the very concept of "madness"
has already contains the relativity of our perception. We are inclined to declare a crazy anyone
whose actions do not fit into our head.
But if our mind can not perceive some things,
whether it be logical to blame the other man?
After all, can probably exist some things, we simply
have not grown to which. No wonder: they say that a creative person should be judged by
means of its self-established laws.
However, unfortunately, very few people are usually performs the rule. And then arises "the fire
of inquisition" like the one that arised on Feb. 17, 1600. On that day, a group of violent men burned
at the stake of Giordano Bruno, although all of them were not worth his little finger.
- And what then farther happened to Igor? - Asked the
woman.
- Yesterday I accidentally found out that he died in a
madhouse...
After these words we kept a long, long silence.
Questions were not. Then I picked up the newspaper and continued my reading. Our established
earlier contact was over.
Virtually all Nobel laureates people are usually
consider as crazy. Lacking serious objections on the merits, I would like to draw
your attention to the fact that at the concept of "madness" most people give a
negative meaning. So I allow myself to express my own (alternative) opinion on the
matter.
Everyone knows that Newton - is a
scientific genius, which, roughly speaking, "reworked all parts of previous
physics" and left us such a legacy of science, which until the end of yet to
be mastered by mankind, although after his death had passed 283 years.
On the personality of Oliver Heaviside was written
not so much. However, this does not mean that he not deserves more attention than the
attention, that was bestowed him by his contemporaries. I recently read a book, B.M.
Bolotovsky "Oliver Heaviside", this book inspired me to write this article, although about
Oliver Heaviside I've read before. I straight say you, that all the citations I will quote there
namely from this book.
Lord Dattatreya - the presiding deity - (see Fig. Right) clearly appears as the
incarnation of the Trinity.
By the sound of wheels contacts can be established
more easily . And there is nothing surprising in this. Whether much do you need for
soulful conversation? At least two companion and any theme and... the talk took its
course. You'll see: the time will move more faster and the way will not seem too long.
I looked at his companions: they were full attention! Even
the little boy with the expectation was looking straight into my mouth and his jaw slightly dropped
down.
Having discovered this, I decided that Igor will soon return, but since that night we never met with
him. Gifts Igor I had to use for their intended purpose, since I did not know his address.
However, unfortunately, very few people are usually performs the rule. And then arises "the fire
of inquisition" like the one that arised on Feb. 17, 1600. On that day, a group of violent men burned
at the stake of Giordano Bruno, although all of them were not worth his little finger.